15. Paduvan Bassa

 

Common Name:   Serendib scops owl

Scientific Name:   Otus thilohoffmanni

Animal Family:   Strigidae

Description:   16.5 cm. A small, short-tailed scops-owl, lacking true ear-tufts. The irides are orange- yellow in the male and yellow in the female and juvenile. the beak, legs and claws are whitish. The legs are feathered  on the tibia and upper tarsi. Female scops owls are usually larger than males. 

Population:   Extensive surveys have located 100 individuals and led to a  population estimate of 200-250 individuals.

Found where:   Found in rainforests in some wet zones of Sri Lanka including Sinharaja Forest Reserve, where it was first discovered for science.

Habitat:   Semi-open, arid landscapes

Foods:   It likely feeds on relatively small prey such as small lizard, frogs, and other vertebrates, and large insects.

14. Hisa Sudu Sharikava

 

Common Name:  White-faced Starling

Scientific Name:   Sturnornis albofrontatus

Animal Family:   Sturnidae

Description:   The adults of these 22cm-long birds have green glossed dark grey upperparts and whitish underparts. The head is paler than the underparts. The sexes are similar, but juveniles are buller, with brown upperparts and greyer underparts. Smallish starling with pied plumage, feathers of crown, nape and upper mantle elongate and hackled. The normal cluth is two eggs.  

Population:   The population is estimated to number 2500-9999 mature individuals based on an assessment of recent records and surveys by BirdLife International.

Found where:   This bird can be observed in the Sinharaja Rain Forest.

Habitat:   This passerine is typically found in tall forest, usually high in the canopy. The white-faced starling builds its nest in the hole.

Foods:   Its food consists largely of wild fruits, such as cinnamon berries and the figs of several species of Ficus, but it doubtless eats insects; and like many other birds, it is very found of the nectar of the red cotton tree.

13. Manila Goya

 

Common Name:   Sri Lanka Wood pigeon 

Scientific Name:   Columba torringtoniae

Animal  Family:   Columbidae

Description:   The Sri Lanka Wood pigeon is 36 cm in length. Its upperparts and tail are dark grey, and the head and underparts are lilac, becoming paler on the belly. Building a nest in tree and laying a single white egg. its flight is quick, with the regular beats and an occasional sharp flick of the wings which are characteristic of pigeons in general. 

Population:   The breeding population is thought to be around five million pairs, and this species that can nest at any time of the year, although its peak breeding season is though the summer months.

Found where:   The bird can be observed in the Hakgala Botnical Gardens and the Riverston Area.

Habitat:   Inhabits upper levels of forests and densely wooded areas in the hills and mountains, where occurs in pairs or small flock.

Foods:   It is strictly arboreal, feeding on a variety of small jungle fruits and berries. 

12. Wana-Kowul As-Patiya

 

Common Name:   Sri Lanka Common woodshrike

Scientific Name:   Tephrodornis affinis

Animal Family:   Vangidae

Description:   The ceylon Woodshrike is a nondescript, sparrow sized bird of mostly grey plumage. The male has dark mask across the eye. A prominent feature which stands out in this drab plumage is a white rump bordered below with black upper tail coverts. The female is browner with a less prominent mask. The ceylon Wood Shrike breeds during the early part of the year building well camouflaged small cup like nest stuck to the top of a horizontal branch in a fork between two smaller branches.   

Population:   The population size has not been quantified.

Found where:   Mostly in the Dry Zone in Sri Lanka;  avoids dense, wet forests. Arboreal species usually encountered in pairs of small groups.

Habitat:   Mainly in thin forest and scrub habitat.

Foods:   They hunt insects, often joining other insectivorous birds.

15. Mee

Common Name:   Mousey Mi

Botanical Name:   Madhuca longifolia

Family:   Sapotaceae

Type of the plant:   A Large tree

Description:  Rough, greyish yellow bark that peels into rectangular strips and exudes slow -flowing white latex when damaged. The young flash is reddish brown, while old leaves are seen in at the terminal ends, 3-15 cm long and 1.5- 4 cm broad, oblong in  sha with a tapered base and apex. The flowers are fleshy, pale yellow in color, about 1-2 cm , with a central protrudes like a filament over the petals. The flowers are borne solitary , but appear in groups, seem to droop due to the long stalks. The fruit is yellow ovoid in shape with small curved beak.

Growing Area:  Wet zone, intermediate zone, mainly such as near to water ways.

Medicinal Properties:  Mee oil is good for strengthen the nerves and to relieve conditions such as constipation. Mee oil use to treat  rashes on the skin. Seeds use in the treatment of skin diseases, headache.

 

14. Dothalu, Ran Dothalu

Botanical Name:   Loxocaccous rupicolo

Family:   Arecaceae

Type of the plant:   A tall tree

Description:   Species of palm tree. Stem up to 12 m tall and 12 cm in diameter. Leaves each up to 250cm long. Leaves that are a stunning bluish marron when young. Mature leaves get green in color. Stem is brown color. Fruits are marble size round seeds and red color.

Growing Area:   South- Western rainforests

Medicinal Properties:   useful part is fruit

·As this plant is protected plant species under the Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance, any activity that damages the plant , including cutting flowers and saving plants, is a punishable offense according to that act.

13. Iriweriya

Botanical Name:   Plentranthus hadiensis

Family:   Lamiacea

Type of the plant:   A small tree

Description:   Grows up to 1 m. It has semi fertile stems when mature. The leaves of the plant are arranged alternative on the stem of the plant. Leaves are 5.3- 6 cm long and they have hairy for rough texture. An oval shape is sharply rounded and pointed. Petioles are 2.5- 3 cm long. The flowers of the plant are light blue ( occasionally white). Ten flowers in terminal racemes. Stem is bluntly quadrangle and hairy.

Growing Area:   in any area

Medicinal Properties:  Decoction of the aerial parts is taken for diarrhoea and vomiting. Paste prepared by root, stems, leaves and flowers n lukewarm water is applied just after Tiger spider bites. Possess aromatic, astringent, stomachic, cholagogue, diuretic and diaphoretic properties. Acts as an antidote for Tarantula bites. Used to treat congestion of liver, fever, dysentery and thirst.

12. Sudu Idda or Wal Idda

 

Common Name:   Artic Snow, Milky Way,  Snowflake

Botanical Name:   Wrightia antidysenteria 

Family:   Apocyncae

Type of the plant:   Small tree

Growing Area:    in any area 

Description:   A slender,  Grows up to 0.7-2m . Petiole is 0.1-0.6cm. Leave blade 1-4 cm wide. Leaves  are Green and oval and Young leaves are light green. The tips of the leaves are pointed. Leaves turn yellow before shedding. The stem is strong and the branches are not so strong. White spots can be seen in some places on the stem. Flowers are poor, short-penduncled , monochasialy and white. Tube is 1.7-2.8cm long. Mevocarps 9-15 cm long.

Medicinal Properties:   Traditionally, Flowers and roots  are taken for the treatment of Russell's Viper bites. Infusion of leaves cures tonsillitis, bronchial diseases and uveitis.

11. Galu-guduwa or Kaha kondaya

 

Common Name:   Yellow Eared Bulbul

Scientific Name:   Pycnonotus penicillatus

Animal  Family:   Pycnonotidae

Description:   The yellow-eared bulbul is about 20 cm (7.9 in) in length, with a short tail. Yellow- eared bulbul build their nest in a bush with to eggs in a typical clutch. Nests are open and cup shaped. Material such as roots, and lichen are used in building the nests. Breeding season usually occurs around February-May and again August-October

Population:   The population size is unknown, and hence cannot be assessed under the population size criterion.

Found where:   It is found in Jungle and wooded areas and home gardens. The bird can be observed in the Hoton Plains National Park and Victoria Park in Nuwara Eliya.

Habitat:   This species is abundant in mature, degraded forests and eucalyptus plantation in montane regions of Sri Lanka, generally at 850-2200 m. Yellow eared bulbul build their nest in a bush.

Foods:   They feed on fruit and insects.

10. Hill Myna

 

Common Name:   Sri Lanka hill myna

Scientific Name:   Gracula ptilogenys

Animal Family:   Sturnidae

Description:   These 25 cm long birds have green -glossed black plumage, purple-tinged on the head and neck. There are large white wings patches, which are obvious in flight. The strong legs are bright yellow, and there are yellow wattles on the nape. The sexes are similar in plumage, but can be distinguished by iris color, which is pale in females and dark in males. Juveniles have a duller bill and smaller wattles, and are the less glossy overall.

Population:   It is currently consider Near Threatened. Extent of occurrence 18700 km2

Found where:   This passerine is typically found in forest and cultivation.

Habitat:   The Sri Lankan hill myna builds a nest in the hole.

Foods:   The Sri Lanka hill myna is fairly omnivorous, eating fruit, nectar and insects.

9. Kawuda

 

Common Name:   Sri Lanka Drango

Scientific Name:   Dicrurus lophorinus

Animal  Family:   Dicruridae

Description:   31-34 cm, excluding tail; two adults 70 g. On the head, forehead and trontal tuft are deep velvety black. The frontal tuft resemble a short, bushy, stiff crest. The longest feathers curve over the forehead. The Black bi9ll is hooked. We can see fairly long rictal bristles on each sides of the bill base. The eyes are brown to reddish-brown. Legs and feet are black. Male and female are similar The juvenile has a duller plumage overall. The belly is greyer and shows whitish scaling. Axillaries and underwing-coverts show large white tips. the crest is small. 

Population:   The population size of this species has not been quantified, but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for vulnerable under the population size criterion.

Found where:   Distribution. The species can be found throughout Wet zone of South Western parts of Sri Lanka, from Deduru Oya to Walawe.

Habitat:   It's natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland and montane forests.

Foods:   They feed mainly on insects such as grasshoppers, moths, beetles, and dragonflies. 

11. Girithilla ( Elephant creeper)

Botanical name:   Argyreia populifolia

Family:   Convolvulaceae

Type of the plant:   A vine

Description:   A vine grows  around a supporting plant. The dark green leaves grow up to 7-15cm. The  funnel shaped flowers  are purple in color. Fruits are green .Yellow-orange when ripe. The young leaves are eaten as pulp.

Growing Area:   In any area

Medicinal Properties:   Traditionally, the leaves ,roots, and  milk of the vine are used for loss of appetite, lack of appetite, rhematism, gout, heart disease, cough, asthma,diabetes, dog bites, and gum wounds.

8. Bata Goya

Common Name:      Sri Lanka Green pigeon

Scientific Name:      Treron pompadora

Animal Family:      Columbidae

Description:     Sri Lankan Green pigeon is approximately 26-30 cm in length . Sri Lanaka green pigeon usually occurs singly or in the small groups. Its flight is fast and direct, with the regular brats and an occasional sharp flick of the wings that are characteristic of pigeons in general. It builds a stick nests in a tree and lays two white eggs.  

Population:     The population size has not been quantified.

Found where:     This bird can be observed in the peak wilderness Sanctuary, Morapitiya Forest Reserve, Mitirigala Forest Reserve, Sinharaja  Forest Reserve, Kanneliya  Forest Reserve, Hiyare Forest Reserve ,Udawattakele Forest Reserve, Minneriya National Park, Sigiriya Sanctuary and the Wilpattu National park.

Habitat:     Found singly or in small groups at upper levels of forests in lowlands and hills 

Foods:     It eats the seeds and fruits of a wide variety of plants.

  

10. Kakuna

Botanical Name:   Canarium zeylanicum

Family:   Burseraceae

Type of the plant:   Tree

Description:   Grow up to 25-30 m in height. Leaves are  10- 12 cm. Leaves are green color.The seed are Large,oval and can be eaten.  Fruit and flowers  can be seen April to September. Fruit are purple black color.

Growing Area:   Rain forest

Medicinal Properties:    Medicinally, the bark of the tree is astringent and antiseptic. A decoction of it is used as a gargle for bleeding and spongy gums.

9. Nil Manel ( Blue water Lily)

 

Botanical name:   Nymphaea nouchli

Family:   Nymphaeaceae

Type of the plant:   A flower plant

Description:   The leaves are round and green on top , darker underside.The floating leaves have undulating edges that give them a crenelated appearance. their size is about 20-23 cm and their spread is up to 1.5m from the rhizome. The flower has four or five sepals and 13-15 petals that have an angular appearance, marking the flower look star shaped from above.

Growing Area:   Lakes, ponds, and marshlands throughout the low country

Medicinal Properties:   Roasted tubers are taken for diseases in the urinary tract and the digestive system. Acts  as an emollient and a diuretic. Traditionally , believed it has possess mild sedative properties. Aiding in relaxation and stress relief , and promoting mood enhancement and restful sleep. Additionally, they have analgesic effects, providing relief from mild pain. Sometime considered an aphrodisiac, enhancing libido and sexual pleasure. Rich in antioxidants, may help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation and also offering digestive support.

7. Alu Kadatta

 

Common Name:   Sri Lanka grey hornbill

Scientific Name:   Ocyceros gingalensis

Animal Family:   Bucerotidae

Description:   The Sri Lanka grey hornbill is a large bird at 45 cm (18 in ) in length. Sexes are similar, although the male has a cream-colored bill, whereas the female's is black with a cream stripe.  Immature birds have dark grey upperparts, a cream bill, and a tail with a white tip. Its fight is slow and powerful. The female lays up to four white eggs in a tree hole blocked off during incubation with a cement made of mud, droppings and fruit pulp.

Population:   The Sri Lankan grey hornbill populations are believed to be stable across Sri Lanka. No Conservation action has been taken by the country thus far.

Found where:   The Grey Hornbill is a bird of forest and well wooded areas. It is Found both in the wet and dry zones and ascends the hills up to about 1300 m.  In the Dry zone if favours riverine forests though in the Wilpattu National Park it inhabits forests close to the villus as well.

Habitat:   Found in pairs and groups in forest and woodland, preferring drier areas. 

Foods:   Mainly fruit, especially small figs, but also variety of wild and cultivated species; also insects, frogs, lizard, scorpions.

8. Keena

 

Botanical name:   Calophyllum walkeri

Family:   Calophyllaceae

Conservation Status:   Vulnerable 

Type of the plant:   A tree

Description:   Up to 30 m in high. Tree has mush branches. Bark is a greyish -brown with irregular cracks. Branches are rather thick and quadrangular. Young leaves flushes are copper red. Mature leaves are rounded in shape with a tapering base and slightly pointed tip.  Leaves are 1.5-6 cm long and 2-5 cm broad. Mid and lateral veins can't be seen above, prominent beneath. Inflorescence with pinkish white. Flowers are fragrant, each about 2.5 cm and borne on terminal parts of the twigs covering the whole crown of tree. Fruits erected upward on twigs and pale yellow in color with brown spots. Fruits are globular and about 3 cm in diameter.

Growing Area:   Forest canopy species in higher parts of the mountain zone,above 1800m

Medicinal Properties:    Traditionally, Bark is used to treat pacifies piththa dosha, Cures ulcers, snake bites and eye diseases.

6. Lanka Pilalichcha

 

Common Name:   Sri Lanka Flowerpecker

Scientific Name:   Dicaeum vincens

Animal Family:   Dicaeidae

Description:   This is a very small passerine but a relatively stout flowerpecker, measuring 10 cm (3.9 in) in total length and weighing approximately 9 g ( 0.32 oz.). The male flowerpecker has blue-black  upperparts, a white throat and upper breast, and yellow lower breast and belly. The female is duller, with olive-brown upperparts.

Found where:   Bodhinagala rainforest, Kithulgala rainforest, Gilimale , Morapitiya, and Sinharaja  rainforests are the best places to see this birds.

Habitat:   The flowerpecker live in a wide variety of wooded and open habitats near forest edges, including dry woodlands, deciduous forests, riparian habitats, and tropical forests from sea level to 3700m.

Foods:   Nectar forms part of the diet, although they also take berries, spiders, and insects.

5. Lanka Sithasiya

Common Name :   Sri Lanka White-eye

Scientific Name:    Zosterops ceylonensis 

Animal Family:   Zosteropidae

Description:   The bird is larger than the Indian white-eye ( about 11 cm long) which it replaces above 4000ft. It is even more sociable than the other birds, forming very large, scattered flocks except in the breeding season, when the birds pair off. The breeding season is form March to May. Sometimes they have a second season in August-September. The nest is large and not quite solidly built. They lay two eggs that measure about 16.2 x 11.3mm. The eggs are very pale Prussian blue in color.

Found  where:   It is a resident breeder in forests, gardens and plantations, mainly in the highlands.

Habitat:   Usually encountered in active flocks within the canopy of forest and neighboring wooded areas in the hills and mountains. 

Foods:   Sri Lankan white eye will also eat nectar and fruits of various kinds.

7. Vesak Orchid

 

Botanical name:   Dendrobium maccarthiae

Family:   Dendrobium

Type of the plant:   A Flower plant

Description:   There are many flowers in May.Fewer visible in February,March,June, August ,September. Flower base becomes lager and more colorful The size of a flower is about 8-8.5cm. Hora,Rubber,Vanaidala and Batadomba are supporting Trees. Since the formation of pods is low, the spread is minimal. The height of the grown plant is 2-3 feet. A large number of roots hug the supporting tree. Leaves arise from nodes at the end of the stem.

Growing Area:   Limited areas of wet zone ; Kaluthara, Rathnapura,Kegalle. In supporting plants along streams.

As this plant is protected plant species under The Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance, any activity that damage the plant, including cutting flowers and saving plants, is a punishable offense according to that act.

6. Wal Kaduru, Kukul Kaduru or Wasa Kaduru

 

Botanical Name:   Alyxia ceylanica

 

Family:    Apocynaceae

 

Type of the plant:   A vine

Description:    A slender, glabrous vine. Leaves usually in whorls of three at the branching, otherwise opposite,ovate or broadly lanceolate, leaf-blade 4-7 cm long and 2-3.5cm wide, widest in or below the middle, acute at the base, caudate-acuminate, but obtuse at the apex.Reticulate venation more clearly elevated on upper than under surface.Metacarpus 1.2-1.8cm long when one-seeded 1-1.2cm long when moniliform,glabrous,bright red when ripe.

 

Growing Area:    Low-country rain forest

 

Medicinal Properties:    Milky juice of young parts is applied on the foot to soften the tissues before removing thorns

4. Rathu Demalichcha

 

Common Name:   Orange-billed babbler

Scientific Name:   Turdoides rufescens

Animal Family:   Laughingthrushes

Description:   25cm. Medium- sized rusty-chestnut Argya babbler with orange- yellow bill and yellow legs. It is fairy common, living in flocks of seven or ten more. It is a noisy bird, and the presence of a flock may generally be known at some distance by the continual chattering, squeaking, and chirping with its members converse together.

Population:   In bird surveys of the wet and montane zone of Sri Lanka 2007-2009, Goodale et al. (2014) has 1,989 detections of this species and Kotagama and Goodale (2004) recorded it as being the most abundant species in mixed- species flock.

Found where:   Present in Sri Lanka EBA. Fairy common to  common in wet lowlands, usually rare on adjacent hills, but occasionally common above 700 m. Common in Sinharaja Forest Reserve.

Habitat:   Its habitat is rainforest, and it is seldom seen away from deep jungle. Although its habitat is under threat, it occurs in all the forests of the wet zone, and is quite common at prime sites Kithulgala  and Sinharaja.

Foods:   They are found mainly close to the ground where they feed on insects and berries but will also make use of trees.

3. Kehibella

 

 

Common Name:   Sri Lanka blue magpie

Scientific Name:   Urocissa ornata

Animal Family:   Corvidae

Description:   The Sri Lankan blue magpie measures 42-47 cm in length, and is large than a mynah, but smaller than a crow. Its plumage is bright blue , with a reddish-brown or chestnut head,neck, and wing. The juvenile of this species has a plumage similar to that of an adult, but overall duller, with a brown eye ring and a greyish hue to its blue feathers, especially on its underside. Moulting season for Sri Lanka ble magpies is from August and November.

Population:   Hence we retain a lower estimate of 9500-19500 for mature individuals.

Found where:   The species is suspected to have declined steadily, in line with forest loss in the wet zone in Sri Lanka. We can found in dense wet evergreen temperate rain forests in Sri Lanka including Sinharaja World Heritage Rainforest.

Habitat:   Tropical broadleaf evergreen forest, including edges of tea plantation. Occurs from as low as 50 m up to 2100 m, in lowlands and hills of wet zone.

Foods:   Sri Lankan blue magpie eating small frogs, lizards, insects, and other invertebrates, but will also eat fruit. 

5. Hora, Sarala or Kiripalu

 

Botanical Name:    Dipterocarpus zeylanicus

Family:    Dipterocarpaceae

Conservation Status:   Endangered 

Type of the plant:   A tree

Description:   A large tree that grows up to 40- 45 m tall and 4-6 m in circumference. The bark is light pinkish brown or light yellowish brown and can be seen white spots. The  heartwood is light pinkish to dark reddish brown. Straight columnar with branches at a very high level. Leaves are fairly large, elliptic to ovate in shape with a blunt base and apex.  Leaves are 10-25 cm long and 8-14 cm wide. Younger leaves appear pale brown and turn green when mature. The sharp-edged leaves are covered with silver hairy. The inflorescence looks like a cluster of white -pink flowers. Flowers bloom in April and seed have two wings to spread from wind and wings  are reddish in young. When  the seeds leave out turned to brown color.

Growing Area:    Sinharaja rain forest , Ratnapura, Kaluthara, Galle and Mathara

Medicinal Properties:   Decoration of the boiled heartwood is taken as an expectorant.

Dried gum  dissolved in lime juice is taken to control pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis , pneumonia and also acts as a diaphoretic

 Triterpenes: Asiatic acid, ursolic acid and its derivatives from resin.

2. Gira Maliththa or Pol Girawa

Common Name:   Sri Lanka hanging parrot

Scientific Name:   Loriculus beryllinus

Animal Family:   Psittaculidae

Description:   The Sri Lanka hanging parrot is a small hanging parrot that is 13cm long with a short tail. The adult has a red crown and rump. The nape and back have orange tint. The chin and throat are pale blue. Male has variable amounts of orange and red on the crown and a large orange chest patch, whereas the female has a bluish face. Not the long, pointed upper bill. Similar in length to Guayabera, but longer tailed and smaller- bodied. Females are involved in building the nest while males mostly remain close, observing the females. Breeding season includes the first part of the year and sometimes July-September.

Population:   Sri Lankan hanging parrot is a bird of open forest. It is strictly arboreal, never descending to the ground. It nests in holes in trees laying 2-3 eggs.

Found where:   Typically found in ones or twos in the canopy of forests in the Wet Zone. Confined to Sri Lanka, where the extremely small size and short tail make it easily identified from all other parrots on the island.

Habitat:   Wooded country, groves , plantation,  coconut  groves and gardens up to 1250 m , reaching 1600 m in NE monsoon.

Food:   It undergoes local movement, driven mainly by the availability of the fruit, seeds, buds, and blossoms that make up its diet.

4. DiyaPara

 

Botanical name:   Dillenia triquetra 

Family:    Dilleniaceae 

Type of the plant:     A tree

Description:    Grows upto 20 m. Stems are greyish-brown, slender and smooth , marked with leaf scars. Leaves thick and dark green, 6-30 cm long and 4- 19 cm . Broad, blunt-tripped elliptic in shape. Petioles of young leaves with a pair of white green oblongs. Upper side leaves fall. Early turning brown. Mature leaf show channeled peduncle. Flowers in terminal clusters with green buds. Bloom into white flowers. Fruits are green, small and spherical in shape.

Growing Area:    Along rivers and water tributaries of lowland forests

1. Wali Kukula

Common Name:   Jungle fowl

Scientific Name:   Gallus lafayettii

Animal Family:   Phasianidae

Description:   The male Sri Lankan junglefowl ranges from 66-72 cm (26-28 in) in length and 790-1140g (1.74-2.51lb) in weight, essentially resembling a large, muscular rooster. as with other junglefowl, the Sri Lankan junglefowl is strongly sexually dimorphic; the male is much larger than the female, with more vivid plumage and a highly exaggerated wattle and comb. The male has orange-red body plumage, and dark purple to dark purple to black wings and tail.  

Population:   The population size has not been quantified, but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion.

Found where:   Commonly spotted at sites such as Kitulgala, Yala, and Sinharaja.  The species is found from sea-level up to 2000 meters of elevation

Habitat:   It is common in forests and scrub habitats.

Foods:   Ceylon Junglefowl feeds on plant matter such as grain, seeds, berries, flowers, leaves, and buds.

3. GodaPara

Botanical Name:   Dillenia retusa

Family:   Dilleniaceae

Type of the plant:   A large tree 

Description:     Grows up to 20 m. Branches are strong and the smooth stem is gray- brown in color. The leaves are rather large , ovate to curved at the apex. Mature leaves are green. 8-21cm long and 5cm wide. Young leaves are light colored. Flowers are solitary white with 5 large petals. With a bright yellow touch towards the middle and star shape stigma in the center. Flower wide about 6-8 cm. Fruit covered with sepals. Greenish. Rose red near the stem. The fruit show firmness. Turning orange when rip.

Growing Area:   Lowland rainforests

Medicinal Properties:   Mucilaginous sap of the fruit is applied to treat fractures, dislocations, and skin boils. Fruit pulp is used to cleanse the scalp for healthy hair. Pleasantly crisp, sweet and juicy this popular apple feature a beautiful bright green sikin with  a pale red hue uses to fever, nervous system disorders, oral diseases, anorexia, exclusive thirstyl, dysentery,  coughs , burning sensations.

2. Heen Bovitia

 

Botanical Name:   Osbeekia octandra 

Family:    Melastomaceae
 
Type of the plant:   A bush
 
Description:    Grow to a height of about 2m. Stem is covered with trichomes. The leaves length are about 5 cm. The surface is oval and upper surface is dark green and lower surface is light green. The leaf margin is smooth. There are three main veins on the leaf surface and the central one is main. Flower buds can be seen end of the branches. Flowers are purple. In the center of the flower, the pollen grains are yellow. The petals are smooth and fleshy. Each flower has five petals.
 
Growing Area:   In any area.

Medicinal Properties:   All parts like leaves, barks, roots are used for medicine. Heen Bovitia porridge without salt is good for jaundice. Porridge made from chopped leaves removes excess heat from the body. Cancer resistant. This contains different photochemical that have great importance in traditional therapeutic system and wildly used to treat hepatitis and liver disorders.

1. Ceylon Breadfruit (wal-del, kela-del, hingala-del, bedi-del)

 

Botanical Name:   Artocarpus nobilis
 
Family:   Moraceae
 
Type of the plant:   A tree
 
Description:   The height is only 25m. The grey-brown exudes a white sap when wounded. The leaf bud is covered with an elongated white nail. The leaves are hairy on the buds. Mature tree leaves have a broad oval base and a pointed apex. Margin slightly curved, 14- 32cm long and 8- 23cm wide. Inflorescence is fleshy, erect, stalk-like leaves arising at the nodes. The seeds can eat.

Growing Area:   Wet zone in Sri Lanka. March of the year flowers are blooming.Fruits can be harvested during May- July. The seed is making the propagation.
 
Medicinal Properties:   The nutrients here can be seen as a very effective energy food mentioned as Carbohydrates, Protein, Fat, Calcium, Phosphorus, Iron, Carotene, Yamin, Riboflavin,Niacin, vitamin C.
This is an asthma, worms cure. Especially taking fried seed foods can help improve men's sexual strength. Oil sprinkled from seed can help control air disease, cure visara nuts and grains. Plant's milk is used to cure gulma and worms.